General Biology 1

처음 편입 하고 나서 들었던 수업, 처음에 정말 어려웠지만 이 노트를 보고 복습 하고 예습 할수 있었다. 난생 처음으로 들었던 생물쪽 클래스라 어려웠지만 도움이 많이 됬기에 정리하고 올립니다. 이 과목을 공부하시는 다른 분들도 도움 되시길 바랍니다.

Molecules & Life: Chapter 2 & 3

Hierarchy of Organization

Atoms: simplest form of Matter

-27 atoms that are really important

→ 4 atoms make up 96% of our body (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen)

-these atoms always interact with one another, forming a molecule.

Macromolecules: molecules large in size that they are made of thousands of atoms

→ agents that allow life to occur

i) 4 BIG MACROMOLECULES: 

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipid

3. Protein

4. Nucleic acid

-If you see macromolecules seeing and all working together with an enclosed membrane, you have actually created a cell.

-A cell: actually the smallest unit of life.

Characteristics of Life

1. metabolism

2. responding to the environment

3. ability to have chemical reactions

4. reproduction

5. growth

6. development

Bacteria → single cell

Humans →  cell cluster with one another, creating a tissue

Tissues → cluster of cells, doing the same functions (4 different types of tissue)

Organs →  Group of tissues made together to form an organ, which can be seen with naked eyes

Many organs combine to have the same function → Organ systems → Systematic approach 

→ When all of these systems are placed together, they create an organism

As the level of hierarchy increases, the complexity increases!

1. Nervous systems 

Three main functions:

1. Receive INFO from internal, environment to your Brain!

2. Processing the INFO (making sense)

3. Send the INFO out to different organs

Ex.

1. I hear the lecture

2. The brain actually processes the words I am hearing. I decode what I heard

3. I send out to the muscles, and I am currently writing the molecules

Organs of nervous systems:

Brain, Spinal Cord → Central Nervous System

2. Muscular system:

- Muscles are important for movement

- Skeletal muscles: important for movement

The function of muscles:

1. The form of communication (ex. Facial expression)

2. Use it to interact with our environment

3. Heat production

→ Maintain body temperature

(Homeostasis → 98.6 F our body must maintain this internal temp.)

4. Maintain Posture

3. Endocrine System: 

→ Controls our organs and different system

→ Chemically control our system

- Glands and hormones are main organs of this system

-  Functions: 1. Metabolism 2. Reproduction 3. Growth 4. Nutrient use

4. Cardiovascular system

1. Heart → Cardiac Muscle

2. Blood Vessels → Cavity for blood to go around

3. Blood → Deliver nutrients to cells

 * Pick up wastes

5. Lymphatic System / Immune System:

- it is an accessory to a circulatory system

- it carries another source of fluid

- it picks up the leaked fluid that is out of our cells to our blood

6. Respiratory system:

- System that allows us oxygen from envrionment and give out Carbon Dioxide

- Regulate gas exchange

7. Digestive System: 

- Break down the food we eat into absorbable units

- Excrete feces

8. Urinary Systems

→ Regulates acid/base balance

→ Excrete nitrogenous wastes

→ Regulate H2O, electrolyte

9. Reproductive System:

→ Produce and maintain sex cells

→ Produce each hormone (testosterone - males, estrogens- female )

→ testes are male sex organs

→ ovary is female sex organs